Nepalese wildlife destinations

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“Nepal has established numerous national parks and reserves in order to protect its diverse fauna ever since 1973, with the passing of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 BS. There are therefore four different “classes” of protection, ranging from national parks and nature reserves as well as wildlife and hunting reserves. By 1992 Nepal had therefore established seven national parks, protecting in total over 893,200 hectares (3,449 sq mi) of land.[3] Under these classes as of 2002 there were 23 protected areas: nine national parks, three wildlife reserves, three conservation areas, one hunting reserve, three additional Ramsar sites, and also four additional world heritage sites. The most noted world heritage sites are Sagarmatha National Park and Chitwan National Park. In addition, the world heritage site in the Kathmandu Valley also covers zones of significant biodiversity.

 

There are 208 mammal species reported including 28 species outside the limits of the protected areas but excluding four known extinct species.

Notable species are:

• Bengal fox.
• Bengal tiger.
• Clouded leopard.
• Corsac fox.
• One horned rhinoceros.
• Asiatic elephant.
• Marbled cat.
• Red panda.
• Snow leopard
• Tibetan fox.
• Tibetan wolf.

 

Some of these, including the internationally recognised snow leopard are also endangered and therefore at risk of extinction.

 

Reptiles

There are several different types of reptile native to the country, ranging from pit vipers to monitor lizards. Some of the more prominent examples also include the Bengal monitor, Gloydius himalayanus (a pit viper), the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), Trimeresurus albolabris septentrionalis, and the yellow monitor. Although the above are found elsewhere in southeast Asia, there are also quite a few reptile species unique to the country, including Sitana fusca and Cyrtodactylus nepalensis. Sitana sivalensis, Japalura tricarinata, the Annapurna ground skink (Scincella capitanea), the lidless skink (Asymblepharus nepalensis), geckos (Cyrtodactylus martinstolli), Shah’s bamboo pit viper (Trimeresurus karanshahi) and the Tibetan pit viper (Gloydius strauchi) are also reptiles found in Nepal.

The Danphe is the national bird of Nepal.

List of birds of Nepal

There are approximately 27 Important Bird Areas in the country, and in addition over 900 bird species (as of 2012) known to exist in Nepal of which 30 species are globally threatened, 1 species is endemic and in addition 1 species is introduced. The Danphe, the national bird, is a type of pheasant. In addition, there are also eight species of stork, five other species of pheasant, six Minivets, as well as seventeen different cuckoos, thirty flycatchers, and sixty species of warblers. The spiny babbler is the only species endemic to Nepal.

 

Aquatic fauna

The aquatic faunal species reported from the water bodies in Nepal are:

• Pharping catfish (Myersglanis blythii).
• Psilorhynchus nepalensis.
• Nepalese minnow (Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis).
• Nepalese snowtrout (Schizothorax macrophthalmus).
• Turcinoemacheilushimalaya.
• Erethistid catfishes (Erethistoides ascita and Erethistoides cavatura).
• Bagrid catfish (Batasio macronotus) .
• Sisorid catfishes (such as Pseudecheneis eddsi, Pseudecheneis crassicauda and Pseudecheneis serracula).

 

Invertebrates

Some of the important insect species reported are:

• Ground beetles (Cychropsis nepalensis).
• Nebria molendai, dung beetles (Caccobius scheuerni).
• Longhorned beetles (Hesperoclytus katarinae), moths (Heterolocha mariailgeae).
• Katydids (Isopsera caligula).
• Mole crickets (Gryllotalpa pygmaea).
• Grasshoppers (Nepalocaryanda latifrons).
• Bees (Andrena kathmanduensis).
• Ant-mimicking thrips (Franklinothrips strasseni). Also
• Damselflies (Calicnemia nipalica).

In addition Other invertebrates reported are:

• Tarantulas (Haplocosmia nepalensis).
• Goblin spiders (Brignolia ankhu).
• Jumping spiders (Euophrys omnisuperstes)
• Scorpions (Heterometrus nepalensis).
• Centipedes (Cryptops nepalensis).
• Land snails (Darwininitium shiwalikianum.
  
• Laevozebrinus nepalensis). Also
• Freshwater snails (Tricula mahadevensis).

 

Flora

Research undertaken in the late 1970s and also in the early 1980s documented 5067 species of which 5041 were angiosperms and the remaining 26 species were gymnosperms. The Terai area also has hardwood, bamboo, palm, and sal trees. Notable plants include the garden angelica, Luculia gratissima, Meconopsis villosa, Persicaria affinis, and additionally Ruellia capitata. However, according to ICOMOS checklist (as of 2006), in the protected sites, there are also in addition 2,532 species of vascular plants under 1,034 genera and 199 families.

 

There are 400 species of vascular plants which are endemic to Nepal. Of these, two in particular are orchids Pleione coronaria and Oreorchis porphyranthes.

 

National flowers

The most popular endemic plant of Nepal is rhododendron (arboreum) which in Nepali language is called gurans. Lali Gurans (red rhododendron) is especially popular. It is grown extensively throughout Nepal, and particularly in the elevation range of 1400-3,600 m. The flower a national symbol and is also part of the cultural and religious ethos of the country. It also symbolizes “national unity and people’s sovereignty” and  also”reflects the spirit of Lok tantra (republic) marked by inclusiveness and gender parity.”

The red rhododendron flowers forms the decorative ring in the form of wreath around the national emblem of Nepal which comprise the flag of Nepal, Mount Everest, green mountains, yellow colour representing the fertile Terai region (foothills region of the Himalayas) and with hands of male and female joined together representing gender equality, and with an outline of the map of Nepal in the background.

 

Source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Nepal

 

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